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Wiktionary Appendix:Polish hard feminine noun declension
Examples
Basic declension
| | singular | plural
|
| nominative
| dziewczyn·a | dziewczyn·y
|
| genitive
| dziewczyn·y | dziewczyn
|
| dative
| dziewczyn·ie | dziewczyn·om
|
| accusative
| dziewczyn·ę | dziewczyn·y
|
| instrumental
| dziewczyn·ą | dziewczyn·ami
|
| locative
| dziewczyn·ie | dziewczyn·ach
|
| vocative
| dziewczyn·o | dziewczyn·y
|
Moving e
In some words an e is inserted in the genitive plural to break up a final consonant cluster.
| | singular | plural
|
| nominative
| wiosn·a | wiosn·y
|
| genitive
| wiosn·y | wiosen
|
| dative
| wiosn·ie | wiosn·om
|
| accusative
| wiosn·ę | wiosn·y
|
| instrumental
| wiosn·ą | wiosn·ami
|
| locative
| wiosn·ie | wiosn·ach
|
| vocative
| wiosn·o | wiosn·y
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Change of o to ó
Words with an o in the final syllable change it to ó in the genitive plural.
| | singular | plural
|
| nominative
| krow·a | krow·y
|
| genitive
| krow·y | krów
|
| dative
| krow·ie | krow·om
|
| accusative
| krow·ę | krow·y
|
| instrumental
| krow·ą | krow·ami
|
| locative
| krow·ie | krow·ach
|
| vocative
| krow·o | krow·y
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Palatalization
Palatalization (or 'softening') can bring about changes in the stem in the dative and locative singular. The endings may also be affected.
| | singular | plural | | singular | plural
|
| nominative
| kobiet·a | kobiet·y | | fizyk·a | fizyk·i
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| genitive
| kobiet·y | kobiet | | fizyk·i | fizyk
|
| dative
| kobiecie | kobiet·om | | fizyce | fizyk·om
|
| accusative
| kobiet·ę | kobiet·y | | fizyk·ę | fizyk·i
|
| instrumental
| kobiet·ą | kobiet·ami | | fizyk·ą | fizyk·ami
|
| locative
| kobiecie | kobiet·ach | | fizyce | fizyk·ach
|
| vocative
| kobiet·o | kobiet·y | | fizyk·o | fizyk·i
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List of palatalizations
- die Failed to parse (PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert): \to
dzie
- gie Failed to parse (PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert): \to
dze
- kie Failed to parse (PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert): \to
ce
- lie Failed to parse (PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert): \to
li
- łie Failed to parse (PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert): \to
le
- rie Failed to parse (PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert): \to
rze
- tie Failed to parse (PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert): \to
cie
- żie Failed to parse (PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert): \to
ży
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