Curb extension

A curb extension (or kerb extension or bulb-out or curb bulge) is a traffic calming measure, intended to slow the speed of traffic and increase driver awareness, particularly in built-up and residential neighbourhoods.

A curb extension comprises an angled narrowing of the roadway and a widening of the sidewalk (pavement in UK usage). This is often accompanied by an area of enhanced restrictions (such as a "no stopping" or "no parking" zone) and the appropriate visual reinforcement. This is achieved using painted road markings (lines, coloured areas, chevrons), barriers, bollards, or the addition of pavement or street furniture (planters, lamp standards, or benches).

Curb extensions are often used in combination with other traffic calming measures like chicanes, speed bumps, or rumblestrips, and are frequently sited to "guard" pedestrian crossings. In these cases the "squeeze" effect of the narrowed roadway shortens the exposed distance pedestrians must walk.

Curb extensions can pose a hazard to cyclists, as they force cyclists from their position at the road side (or in a roadside bikelane) into the narrowed gap. Consequently, many curb extensions are built with the bikelane passing through (making the extension an island, separated from the main sidewalk by a narrow bikelane).

Curb extensions are also used in a number of special circumstances:

• To provide additional horizontal space to allow retrofitting of existing sidewalks with ramps, where the sidewalk would otherwise be too narrow.
• To provide additional protection for pedestrians (particularly children) when leaving premises. The curb extension contains a pedestrian barrier, prevending pedestrians from running straight from the premises over the road.
• In combination with a controlled urban parking scheme, where parking spaces are shielded from oncoming traffic by the extended sidewalk element.
• At a four-way (signalled) intersection, to slow and calm traffic, particularly fast traffic turning from a major to a minor road.
• To protect passengers embarking and particularly disembarking from trams, buses, and level-grade urban lightrail systems, particularly when retrofitting existing streets.

Curb extensions are also used when retrofitting existing streets to accommodate congestion charging schemes - hitherto wide (sometimes multilane) roads are deliberately narrowed to ensure the charging equipment can see passing vehicles, and the charging equipment (and often bollards or other barrier devices) are placed in the expanded sidewalk area (to prevent drivers from circumventing the charging system's cameras and detectors).

To facilitate street sweeping, the internal and external curvatures of the extended curb section are moderately graduated.

External links

• Transport SA (South Australia) explanation of curb extensions
• Portland Dept. of Transportation - PDF document showing curb extensions and the circumstances of their use.
• WalkingInfo.org's detailed discussion of curb extensions
• Information and policy from Kingston, Ontario