Howard Gardner

Howard Gardner (born 1943 in Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA)is a cognitive and educational psychologist based at Harvard University best known for his theory of multiple intelligences. In 1981 he was awarded a MacArthur Prize Fellowship.

His most famous book is probably Frames of Mind outlined seven dimensions of intelligence (Visual / Spatial Intelligence, Musical Intelligence, Verbal Intelligence, Logical/Mathematical Intelligence, Interpersonal Intelligence, Intrapersonal Intelligence, and Bodily / Kinesthetic Intelligence). Since the publication of Frames of Mind , Gardner has additionally identified the 8th and 9th dimensions of intelligence: Naturalist Intelligence and Existentialist Intelligence. Traditional intelligence tests only consider verbal and logical/mathematical intelligence.

He recently has written a book, Changing Minds: The Art and Science of Changing Our Own and Other People's Minds (ISBN 1578517095).

Howard Gardener believes that we all have individual tendencies (areas that we enjoy and excel at) and that these tendencies can be placed within one of the intelligences listed above.

External links

• Howard Gardner's Project Zero home page at Harvard University
• Howard Gardner's personal home page

--Tyodickerson 23:57, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)