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List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs numberThe following is a list of musical instruments, categorized according to the Hornbostel-Sachs system, by how they make sound.
1. IdiophonesInstruments which make sound primarily by way of the instrument itself vibrating, without the use of membranes or strings. 11. Struck idiophonesIdiophones set in motion by a percussion action (includes instruments shaken or scraped as well as directly struck instruments).
12. Plucked idiophonesInstruments set into vibration by plucking.
13. Friction idiophonesInstruments set into vibration by rubbing.
14. Blown idiophonesInstruments set into vibration by blowing or moving air.
2. MembranophonesInstruments which make sound primarily by way of a vibrating membrane. Includes all drums. 21. Struck drums
22. Plucked drumsSome commentators believe that instruments in this class ought instead to be regarded as chordophones (see below). 23. Friction drums
24. Singing membranesInstruments in which a membrane modifies some other sound (typically the human voice) in some way (mirlitons). 3. Chordophones31. Simple chordophonesInstruments consisting of a simple string bearer and strings - there may be an additional resonator, but removing it should not destroy the instrument (so the resonator should not be supporting the strings). 32. Composite chordophonesInstruments in which the resonator cannot be removed without destruction of the instrument.
4. AerophonesInstruments in which the vibrating air itself is the primary cause of sound. This can include a column of air being set in vibration (as in wind instruments) or an air-flow being interrupted by an edge (as in free-reeds). 41. Free aerophonesThe vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.
412.13. Free-reed instrumentsThe reed vibrates within a closely fitting slot (there may be an attached pipe, but it should only vibrate in sympathy with the reed, and not have an effect on the pitch - instruments of this class can be distinguished from 422.3 by the lack of finger-holes). 413. Plosive aerophonesThe sound is caused by a single compression and release of air.
42. Non-free aerophones (wind instruments proper)The vibrating air is contained within the instrument. 421. Edge-blown instruments or flutesThe player makes a ribbon-shaped flow of air with his lips, or his breath is directed against an edge.
422. Reed instrumentsThe player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion. 422.1 Double reed instrumentsThere are two lamellae which beat against one another.
422.2 Single reed instrumentsThere is one lamella which beats against a solid surface. 422.3Similar to the free-reeds with a pipe attached - distinguished from them by the prescence of finger-holes in the pipe. 423. TrumpetsThe player's vibrating lips set the air in motion. 423.1 Natural trumpetsThere are no means of changing the pitch apart from the player's lips.
423.2 Chromatic trumpetsThe pitch can be changed by means of keys (423.21) a slide (423.22) or valves (423.23).
5. ElectrophonesInstruments in which sound is generated by electrical means.
6. HydrophonesA class of instruments in which sound is generated by water is also under consideration. External LinksThe contents of this article are licensed from Wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License.
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