Taxonomy of manufacturing processes

This tree lists various manufacturing processes arranged by similarity of function.

1. Casting and molding
   1. Casting
      1. Sand
      2. Plastic mold
      3. Shell mold
      4. Investment (lost wax, precision)
      5. Permanent mold
      6. Centrifugal
      7. Die
      8. Slush or slurry
      9. Full mold
      10. Low pressure
      11. Continuous Molding
   2. Molding
      1. Powder metallurgy
         1. Compaction plus sintering
      2. Plastics
         1. Injection
         2. Compression
         3. Transfer
         4. Extrusion
         5. Blow
         6. Rotational
         7. Thermoforming
         8. Laminating
         9. Expandable bead
         10. Foam
         11. Rotomolding
         12. Vacuum plug assist
         13. Pressure plug assist
         14. Matched mold
2. Deformation (forming and shearing)
   1. Forming
      1. Forging
         1. Smith
         2. Hammer
         3. Drop
         4. Press
         5. Impact (see also extrusion)
         6. Upset
         7. No draft
         8. High-energy-rate
         9. Cored
         10. Incremental
         11. Powder
      2. Rolling
         1. Shape
         2. Ring
         3. Transverse
         4. Orbital
         5. Cross-rolling
         6. Thread
      3. Stretching (expanding)
      4. Drawing (shrinking) of wire bar or tube
         1. Embossing
         2. Coining
         3. Stamping
         4. Sizing
         5. Redrawing
         6. Bulging
         7. Necking
         8. Nosing
         9. Ironing
      5. Deep drawing
      6. Swaging
      7. Extrusion
      8. Spinning
      9. Bending
      10. Miscellaneous other
          1. Peening
          2. Guerin process
          3. Wheelon process
          4. Magnetic pulse
          5. Explosive
          6. Electroforming
          7. Staking
          8. Seaming
          9. Flanging
          10. Straightening
   2. Shearing
      1. Line shearing (slitting )
      2. Blanking
      3. Piercing or punching
      4. Follow-up on #2 and #3
         1. Trimming
         2. Shaving
         3. Notching
         4. Perforating
         5. Nibling
         6. Dinking
         7. Lancing
         8. Cutoff
   3. Pulverizing
      1. Crushing
         1. Jaw crusher
         2. Gyratory crusher
         3. Rollers
         4. Edge runner
         5. Hammer mill
      2. Grinding
         1. Ball mill
         2. Buhrstone mill
      3. Atomization
      4. Centrifugal disintegration
3. Machining (material removal )
   1. Milling
      1. Peripheral (slab)
      2. Face
      3. Chemical
   2. Turning
      1. Facing
      2. Boring
      3. Spinning (flow turning )
      4. Knurling
      5. Cutoff (parting)
   3. Drilling
      1. Reaming
      2. Countersinking
      3. Tapping
   4. Sawing
      1. Filing
   5. Broaching
   6. Shaping
      1. Horizontal
      2. Vertical
      3. Special purpose
   7. Planing
      1. Double housing
      2. Open-side
      3. Edge or plate
      4. Pit-type
   8. Grinding (abrasive machining )
      1. Abrasive jet machining
      2. Honing
      3. Lapping
      4. Superfinishing
      5. Barrel finishing
      6. Vibratory finishing
      7. Spindle finishing
      8. Abrasive belt
      9. Polishing
      10. Buffing
      11. Burnishing
      12. Grit- or shot-blasting
      13. Tumbling
      14. Wire brushing
      15. Electropolishing
      16. Electro-chemical grinding
   9. Routing
   10. Hobbing (hubbing)
   11. Ultrasonic
   12. Electrical discharge
   13. Electron beam
   14. Electrochemical
   15. Chemical
   16. Photochemical
   17. Laser beam
4. Joining
   1. Welding
      1. Arc
         1. Manual metal
         2. Shielded metal
         3. Gas metal
            1. Pulsed
            2. Short circuit
            3. Electrogas
            4. Spray transfer
         4. Gas tungsten
         5. Flux-cored
         6. Submerged
         7. Plasma arc
         8. Carbon arc
         9. Stud
         10. Electroslag
         11. Atomic hydrogen
         12. Plasma-MIG (metal inert gas )
         13. Impregnated tape
      2. Oxyfuel gas
         1. Oxy-acetylene gas
         2. Methylacetylene propadiene (MAPP)
         3. Air-acetylene
         4. Oxyhydrogen
         5. Pressure gas
            1. CO₂
      3. Resistance
         1. Spot
         2. Projection
         3. Seam
         4. Flash butt (flash)
         5. Upset(butt)
         6. Percussion
      4. Solid state
         1. Ultrasonic
         2. Explosive
         3. Diffusion
            1. Hot press
            2. Isostatic hot gas
            3. Vacuum furnace
         4. Friction
         5. Inertia
         6. Forge
         7. Cold
         8. Roll
      5. Electron beam
      6. Laser beam
      7. Pencil
         1. How Pencil made
         2. Solid-state
         3. Axial-flow gas
         4. Cross-flow gas
      8. Thermite
      9. Induction
         1. Low frequency (50-450 Hz)
         2. High frequency (induction resistance; 200-450 kHz)
      10. High frequency resistance
      11. Electromagnetic
      12. Flow
   2. Brazing
      1. Torch
      2. Induction
      3. Furnace
      4. Dip
      5. Resistance
      6. Infrared
      7. Vacuum
   3. Soldering
      1. Iron
      2. Resistance
      3. Hot plate
      4. Oven
      5. Induction
      6. Dip
      7. Wave
      8. Ultrasonic
   4. Sintering (of powdered metals)
   5. Adhesive bonding (incomplete)
      1. Thermo-setting and thermoplastic
         1. Epoxy
         2. Modified epoxy
         3. Phenolics
         4. Polyurethane
      2. Adhesive alloys
      3. Miscellaneous other powders, liquids, solids, and tapes
   6. Metal fasteners
      1. Screws
      2. Nuts and bolts
      3. Rivets
      4. Pins
         1. Cotter
         2. Groove
         3. Tapered
         4. Roll
      5. Retaining rings
      6. Quick-release
   7. Stitching
   8. Stapling
   9. Shrink fitting
   10. Press fitting
   11. Plastic
       1. Hot-air-welding
       2. Friction
       3. Heated metal plate
       4. Solvent
       5. Dielectric
       6. Magnetics
       7. Ultrasonic
       8. Radio frequency welding