Vertigo Records was the name Philips Records chose in the sixties for its label to counter the underground labels of its rivals EMI (with Harvest Records) and Decca Records (with Deram Records). Some of the first artists to sign included Colosseum and Black Sabbath. After Philips Records was renamed to Phonogram Records, majors like Status Quo and Thin Lizzy joined Vertigo too.
Now part of the Universal Music Group, Vertigo is a division of Mercury Records and is known for distributing Status Quo, Metallica and Dire Straits.
Trivia
The Vertigo logo appears to be based on a piece of op art visible in the record shop in Stanley Kubrick's film A Clockwork Orange.
See also