encyclopedia

Voiceless bilabial fricative


IPA - Unicode
IPA - image
X-SAMPA	`p\`
Kirshenbaum	`P`

The voiceless bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɸ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p\.

Contents

1 Features

2 In English

3 In other languages

3.1 Greek
3.2 Mishnaic Hebrew
3.3 Japanese
3.4 Korean

4 See also

Features

Features of the voiceless bilabial fricative:

Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips.
Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

In English

This consonant is lacking in English, and English speakers will often pronounce voiceless labiodental fricative when speaking a language that has it, while speakers of a language that has it may use it in place of English 'f'.

In other languages

Greek

Modern Greek has [ɸ] as a phoneme. It is represented by φ (phi). This is in contrast to Ancient Greek, where φ stood for aspirated p.

Mishnaic Hebrew

Mishnaic Hebrew has [ɸ] as a phoneme. It is represented by פ (pe). This is in contrast to Modern Hebrew, in which this letter represents [p] or [f].

Japanese

Japanese has [ɸ] as a phone which is an allophone of /h/ before /u/. It is usually romanized in Romaji as f.

Korean

Korean has [ɸ] as a phone which is an allophone of /h/ before /u/.